The Evolution of Designs : Biological analogy in architecture and the applied arts

Author: Philip Steadman
Publisher: First published 1979 by the Syndics of Cambridge University Press, This revised edition published 2008 by Routledge
Size: 2.5 MB
Format: SFXed pdf
Link: http://ifile.it/cpvbs9l
Password: www.discuss-tect.blogspot.com
Contents:

1 Introduction

2 The organic analogy

3 The classificatory analogy: Building types and natural species

4 The anatomical analogy: Engineering structure and the animal skeleton

5 The ecological analogy: The environments of artefacts and organisms

6 The Darwinian analogy: Trial and error in the evolution of organisms and artefacts

7 The evolution of decoration

8 Tools as organs or as extensions of the physical body

9 How to speed up craft evolution?

10 Design as a process of growth

11 ‘Biotechnics’: Plants and animals as inventors

12 Hierarchical structure and the adaptive process: Biological analogy in Alexander’s Notes on the Synthesis of Form13 The consequences of the biological fallacy: Functional determinism

14 The consequences of the biological fallacy: Historical determinism and the denial of tradition

15 What remains of the analogy? The history and science of the artificial